Thus, GusGiordano Jazz Dance Chicago, his company, was born in 1963. He was stationed in China. In August 1990, Giordano organized the first Jazz Dance World Congress, which gathered renowned jazz dance master teachers and companies. He enjoyed the work but did not find it fulfilling. Nearly forty years later, Obey states, I know where I come from. Gus studied with modern dance pioneers Katherine Dunham, Hanya Holm, and Alwin Nikolais, and from each of these master artists one senses the truths he carried forth into his own technique: Dunhams rhythm, grounding, and exuberance; Holms sense of muscularity, low plis, and strength of center; and Nikolaiss balance of theatricality, performance, and technique. Giordanos wife p*ed away from a heart attack on May 10, 1993. A. Louis XIV, B. Catherine De Medici, C. Pierre Beauchamp, D. Jean Georges Noverre, Who was known as "The Sun King"? Jazz Dance: A History of the Roots and Branches. [7] Many dancers became part of the company after spending time in Giordano II, the "apprentice" company. A former Broadway, TV and film performer, Mr. Giordano received multiple awards, including an Emmy. In 1985, Governor James Thompson declared April 25 Gus Giordano Day. Gus created the powerful and joyous Giordano Technique, established the Giordano Dance School (1953), formed Giordano Dance Chicago (1963), the first dance company devoted to jazz dance, wrote the highly acclaimed Anthology of American Jazz Dance (1976), and launched Jazz Dance World Congress (1990), an internationally recognized forum for teaching, performance, and choreography. Learn more about how and why Nichelle launched DA April 25 is Gus Giordano Day, enacted by Governor James Thompson in 1985 for Giordanos cultural contribution in Illinois. During World War II, Giordano joined the Marines, where he was trained as a bomber. Giordano died on March 9, 2008, of pneumonia at the age of 84. A. Gene Kelly, B. "He was a visionary," Nan Giordano said. The Congress has been held at The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Northwestern University, the University at Buffalo, Point Park University, as well as Phoenix, Chicago, Japan, Germany, Mexico, and Costa Rica. Many dancers became part of the company after spending time in Giordano II, the "apprentice" company. Instead, the dancers show a moment of gratitude by observing Lehrer, again representing Gus, as he dances alone. 2009. True or False. [citation needed] His class begins with strong floor work gained from another of his teachers, Hanya Holm. - Gus Giordano. Encyclopdia Britannica online. Gus did not want this kind of lifestyle in New York, he wanted to teach jazz dance to the world. In 1980, Giordano's television show The Rehearsal won an Emmy, the PBS award and the Ohio State award. Giordano II performed in large pieces with the company. Luigi, Gus Giordano, and Matt Mattox: jazz masters. Gus did not have a classically proportioned body. A. Ted Shawn, B. Isadora Duncan, C. Lois (Loie) Fuller, D. Ruth St. Denis, Who used lighting and new effects to change the world of dance? Who choreographed the controversial ballet The Rite of Spring in 1913 for the Ballet Russe? Gus Giordano appeared on Broadway in Joshua Logans Wish You Were Here. Pattie Obeys tenure as a member of Guss company was filled with classes and study at other institutions. Credit: Colin Boyle/Block Club Chicago Kirby Reed leads a jazz dance class at the Original Gus Giordano Dance School in Andersonville on Jan. 25, 2023. I know one thing for certain about jazz dance, he said. "Indie Filmmaker Spotlight: Pedro Brenner". 55 Years Later, Nan Giordano Is Keeping Her - Home - Dance Teacher ", He boasted warmth and love of life. Gus Giordano: 1923 - 2008 - Chicago Tribune This book broke down, in detail, warm-ups, individual techniques and jazz combinations at three levels: beginner, intermediate and advanced. A Look at a Tribute to Gus Giordano - dancespirit.com At the age of five, Giordano traveled to New Orleans, where his cousin taught him the Charleston dance step to the song, "The Shoeshiner's Drag", thus introducing him to jazz music and dance. Gus Giordano is known for his amazing choreography in Jazz dance. Bill T Jones choreographed Ghostcatching, a digital art installation that fuses dance, drawing, and computer composition. In 1986 he was the American Ambassador of Jazz Dance to Brazil. True or False. True or False. Gus Giordano, The Rehearsal, and the Critical Utility of Forgotten Description above from the Wikipedia article Gus Giordano, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia. Giordano, Gus was born on July 10, 1923 in St. Louis. Towards the end of his life, Gus Giordano Dance School resided in Chicago, where he always dreamed his school would be one day. In 2009, Giordano's daughter, Amy Giordano, produced Gus: An American Icon, a do*entary about Gus Giordano. Minstrel Shows were started by African American performers. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Although not a great technician himself, Gus possessed an unwavering commitment to self-betterment. He also studied with vocal teachers and guest artists visiting his area. He began teaching in one of the offices in the same building as The Film Council in 1953 and established Gus Giordano Dance School in 1953. Gus would encourage us to go study with anyone else who could make us better, and he wanted us then to bring back what we had learned.7 Astonishingly, this encouragement to explore did not lessen the commitment of his company members; in fact, his universal approach to training magnified devotion to his vision. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Forever pairing reality with vision and technique with soul, Gus celebrated the extraordinary in the everyday, employed a workmanlike approach to perpetuating an art form, and balanced a bravura sense of personal style with a true respect and love for others no matter their station in life. In his time, it was as if he perpetually stood at the center of an hourglass, filtering everythingaesthetics, techniques, and styles. Gus Giordano left an indelible mark on the lives of those he taught jazz dance. Gus Giordano was a master teacher and gifted choreographer. In 1991, Giordano received the "Circle of Dance Award" from Dance Teacher Now Magazine. True or False. Former Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daleyalso made October 13 Gus Giordano Day in Chicago. This past spring, Giordano Jazz Dance Chicago wrapped up the nearly yearlong process of creating Giordano Moves, an homage to the classic style of the company's legendary founder, Gus Giordano, 83. In 1991, Giordano received the "Circle of Dance Award" from Dance Teacher Now Magazine. He started out as a modern dancer in the Denishawn Company, and reworked movements from modern dance (such as the deep plie) into a new dance genre known as Jazz Dance. festival in Chicago; he applied and was accepted.In 1953, he moved back to Chicago and opened a dance studio where he could teach and choreograph (Gus). Giordano II performs in large pieces with the company. I had a teacher who studied with Gus Giordano in Chicago, and she integrated some of his moves into her classeshead and shoulder isolations. Doris Humphrey wrote The Art of Making Dance, which was the first training manual for modern dance choreographers. I know my roots.. Encyclopdia Britannica. Gus Giordano (July 10, 1923 - March 9, 2008), born August Thomas Giordano III, was an American jazz dancer, teacher, and choreographer. Pablo Picasso was an artist that worked with Ballet Russe creating costumes and sets. In 1953, Gus and Peg Giordano opened their dance school in Evanston, IL. Giordano's technique was based in modern, learned from his teacher Katherine Dunham. Lehrer spent last summer watching videotapes from the company archives with Gus, studying his book Anthology of American Jazz Dance and reviewing movement from Giordano-style class exercises. Retrieved 2009-06-17. In the mid-1970s, he compiled his teachings and techniques into Anthology of American Jazz Dance,[5] which includes over 250 technical pages detailing Giordano technique. In 1985, April 25 was declared Gus Giordano Day in the state of Illinois by Governor James R Thompson. Gus Giordano (July 10, 1923 March 9, 2008[1][2]), born August Thomas Giordano III, was an Americanjazz dancer, master teacher and gifted choreographer. DJ Kool Herc was known as "The Father of Hip-Hop.". Jazz dance legend August "Gus" Giordano (1923 - 2008) was many things. He was like a cheerleader: Come on! and Go! and Pow! He knew how to inspire people to want to dance. Nan Giordano said, My father could go into a ballroom to teach five hundred students, and somehow he would emerge having touched or spoken to each and every participant. A master teacher, Gus has been credited with creating generations of professional dancers and for touching the lives of hundreds of thousands of non-dancers who could experience the joy of dance and connect with his aesthetic, his discipline, and his ability to elicit the best from each student. American workers' rights to organize and bargain collectively were protected by, Choose a reason why the federal government increased efforts to address violent crime and drug use in the 1980s and 1990s. Butoh was not widely accepted until attention from the West brought it prominence in its own country. Gus was stationed in China. [[[wikipedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]He emphasizes strength from the start of class. The Gus Giordano Jazz Legacy Foundation is dedicated to preserving and continuing Gus Giordanos legacy by enriching the lives of others through Jazz Dance. True or False. Gus Giordano Wikipedia Republished // WIKI 2 [3] Gus Giordano Jazz Dance Chicago was renamed in 2009 to Giordano Dance Chicago by his daughter, Nan Giordano. Gus enjoyed the work but did not find it fulfilling. Its like I envision the future, and boomwe show it. After this trip, Giordano was hooked on dance. CERTIFIED TEACHERS. Broadway jobs included "Paint Your Wagon," "On the Town" and "Wish You Were Here." [8][9] Ruth Page said "Giordano knows more about jazz dance than anyone, probably in the world, and jazz dance is a difficult thing to teach; theres more creativity involved unlike [the more structured] classical dance."[10]. Marius Petipa was a French choreographer who had the huge career with the Imperial Theater in Russia. He accepted the position and moved from New York to the Chicago area. they needed teachers and paid. In 1992, Giordano published Jazz Dance Class: Beginning Thru Advanced,[6] an illustrated guide to American theatrical jazz dance for students and teachers alike. Gus created the powerful and joyous Giordano Technique, established the Giordano Dance School (1953), formed Giordano Dance Chicago (1963) (the first dance company devoted to jazz dance), wrote the highly acclaimed and first of its kind Anthology of American Jazz Dance (1976), and launched Jazz Dance World Congress (1990), an internationally . Giordano received numerous honors and awards for his work throughout his lifetime. Amy Giordano, the daughter of famed late dancer Gus Giordano, was in the process of moving her father's studio from the suburbs to the city when Reed had the strokes and heart attacks. Dance scholars have praised Giordano for establishing Broadway or theatrical jazz dance as an internationally recognized artistic medium. His long career revolved around a key goal at which he succeeded phenomenally: to earn for his populist style the same respect afforded ballet and modern dance. They married on October 14, 1950, in St. Louis, MO. Gus Giordano, like Luigi and Matt Mattox, became a groundbreaking figure in helping to elevate jazz dance as a serious art form by . Obey shares, too, that Gus viewed himself to be a better innovator, promoter, and motivator than teacher. Giordanos daughter, Amy P. Giordano, assumed all of her mothers responsibilities for her fathers business and became Gus personal assistant upon Pegs death in 1993. night clubs but found little success on Broadway. Dwyer Awards 2023: Seven teachers honored have class pets, science labs . He performed on Broadway and in theater and television. Giordano taught jazz dance to thousands around the world. During the post-modern dance period, all art forms played an important role in the dance scene. Lehrer describes one such moment: The whole company is in the background walking and doing this great Giordano port de bras, and that melds into a circle. And the best way to give back to Gus Giordano is by creating and performing a tribute to his style of jazz dance. In the past decade, classic jazz hasnt proved to be especially popular or profitable for most concert dance companies, so for GJDC, the key to appealing to a modern audience was to take movements from Guss classic jazz technique and arrange them in one piece with a contemporary format. ", Giordano was born in 1923 in St. Louis. After this trip, Giordano was hooked on dance. It currently performs at Chicago's Harris Theater. Gus Giordano Dance School official website, Gus Giordano Papers at the Newberry Library. The Gus Giordano Jazz Legacy Foundation also provides scholarships, as Gus and Peg gave thousands of dollars in scholarships to many dancers in their lifetime, including Lane Alexander (Founder Chicago Human Rhythm Project), Judi Sheppard Missett (Founder Jazzercise, Inc), Ian Eastwood (World of Dance), Adrian Lee (Teacher/Choreographer), Laura Klein (Bebe in the original cast of Chorus Line on Broadway), Homer Bryant (Founder Chicago Multicultural Dance), and Billy Siegenfeld (Jump Rhythm Jazz Project). Giordano is credited with creating generations of professional dancers and for his deep commitment to elevating jazz dance from an entertainment form to an art form. Gus Giordano - Wikipedia Dance is a cultural Anthropology. Dance Tech IB: Gus Giordano & Bob Fosse Flashcards | Quizlet . He also studied with vocal teachers and guest artists visiting his area. His instrument was muscular and solid, with powerful legs more comfortable turned in than turned out. Musical Movies were used during WWII to rally support for the troupes. Retrieved 25 June 2015.Gillespie, Becky, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, promotes the subject in a subjective manner, Jennifer Dunning, Gus Giordano, 84, Innovator of Modern Jazz Dance, Is Dead", "Jazz Dance: A History of the Roots and Branches", Gus Giordano Dance School official website, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gus_Giordano&oldid=1143953109, Articles needing additional references from April 2007, All articles needing additional references, Articles with peacock terms from October 2017, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 10 March 2023, at 22:56. Peg and Gus Giordano were married on October 14, 1950 in St. Louis, MO. [12] His daughter, Amy P. Giordano, is currently the owner and Executive Director of Gus Giordano Dance School, the oldest running jazz school in the country. Giordano taught and many performers, teachers, choreographers, including Ann-Margret, Gregory Hines, Daryl Hannah, and Patrick Swayze. They married on October 14, 1950, in St. Louis, MO. He also studied with vocal teachers and guest artists visiting his area. Ruth St. Denis Founded Jacob's Pillow. Yoga is incorporated into Giordano's technique as a means of relaxation. He was the first to put dance on television by teaching a 15-minute series called JAZZ DANCE on WTTW Channel 11 in Chicago. He performed onBroadwayand in theater and television. [citation needed] He emphasizes strength from the start of class. "Gus: an American Icon". George Balanchine death was the reason the Ballet Russe disbanded. In 1989, October 13 was declared Gus Giordano Day in the City of Chicago by Mayor Richard M . He auditioned and was hired at the Roxy Theatre in New York where he performed four shows a day. The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment is called homeostasis. He said once "If you were in Oklahoma and it ran nine years, you made that your career." He was 84. . In 2005, he received the Chicago Senior Citizen of The Year Award from Mayor Richard M Daley. At age 5, he visited New Orleans where he was introduced to jazz and dance. It was very innovative at the time.3 From Giordanos perspective, the burgeoning art form of jazz dance was not static, rigid, or rarified; rather, it was an exploration of all that the human body could achieve. In the mid-1970s, he compiled his teachings and techniques into Anthology of American Jazz Dance, which includes over 250 technical pages detailing Giordano technique. Wed basically take the movement and, without changing it, find different ways of doing itlike how to transition from one movement to the next, and contemporize the flow of the piece, Lehrer says. True or False. The troupe performed in the Soviet Union in 1974, the first jazz dance company to do so. [5][6] Ruth Page, a pioneer of dance in America, said Giordano knows more about jazz dance than anyone, probably in the world, and jazz dance is a difficult thing to teach; theres more creativity involved unlike [the more structured] classical dance. [13], Gus taught and influenced many dancers, teachers, choreographers, actors, and artists including: Ann Margaret (Actor), Judi Sheppard Missett (Founder/CEO Jazzercise, Inc), Gregory Hines (Actor/Dancer/Choreographer), Mia Michaels (Choreographer So You Think You Can Dance & more), Colleen Zenk (Actor As The World Turns), Daryl Hannah (Actor), Patrick Swayze (Dancer/ Actor), Tim Anderson (Artist), Jimmy Locust (Choreographer Janet Jackson), Joe Tremaine (Tremaine Dance Conventions), Robert Battle (Alvin Ailey), Joe Lanteri (NYC Dance Alliance), Sherry Zunker & Frank Chavez (Founders River North Dance Chicago), Nick Pupillo (Founder Visceral), Claire Batille (Hubbard Street Director), In 2009, Gus daughter Amy Giordano, produced Gus: An American Icon, a documentary about Gus Giordano. Giordano was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1923. At this time, Giordano did not take jazz classes as such, because jazz dance as we know it did not exist. 1941), Young, and so thin, and so straight.So straight! Flexibility, center placement, clean lines, multiple turns, leaps, and the ability to quickly transmit combinations from the brain to the body are the nuts-and-bolts of technique. Nan Giordano reflected, My father absolutely understood the need for and the value of technique. "The Legacy of Gus Giordano". The Giordano Technique is as vibrant and essential as it was decades ago and continues to be taught worldwide. He returned to St. Louis to study ballet and modern dance. helped Gus get excited about dance. In January, they worked with the company to create variations and sequences, and cemented the arrangement. In 1993, he received the Ruth Page Lifetime Service to the Field Award along with his wife, Peg Giordano. He had four children. He performed onBroadwayand in theater and television. Most jazz teachers begin with a thorough warm-up, then lead the class in a series of stretching exercises and isolation movements. But we now try to showcase a wide spectrum of jazz by bringing in diverse choreographers. The torch was officially passed to Nan last year when the company dropped Gus from its name, though shes been artistic director since 1993. Gus Giordano Jazz Dance Chicago was renamed in 2009 to Giordano Dance Chicago by Gus daughter, Nan Giordano. Illinois. Ruskiewicz, Ashley. Merce Cunningham and John Cage were both greatly influenced by Zen Buddhism. He was 84. So when I was transferring [a step] Id say, He used this movement for a love duet, so Im going to keep it in that vein., The first time the company performed the piece for Gus was the sweetest reward for the long hours spent researching and rehearsing. In 1980, Giordano's television show The Rehearsal won an Emmy, the PBS award and the Ohio State award. He was also a performer in shows at the Hollywood Canteen and at military bases around the country. We dont do a lot of Guss choreography anymore. In 1995 he received the Honorable Artist Award from Chukyo University in Nagoya, Japan. Gus was the first to put dance on television by teaching a 15 minute series called JAZZ DANCE on WTTW Channel 11 in Chicago. "It's a great loss.". Gus Giordano founded the First American Jazz Dance World Congress in 1990, a five-day event celebrating the uniquely American art form of jazz dance. Presently, Gus Giordano, with Luigi and Matt Mattox, is one of three living dance artists that are considered pioneer figures in systemizing jazz dance. At the age of five, he traveled toNew Orleans, where his cousin taught him the Charleston dance step to the song, "The Shoeshiner's Drag", thus introducing him tojazz musicand dance. was born in St. Louis, Missouri, July 10, 1923 of immigrant Italian. LegendsinDanceAlvinAileyNEwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.docx, True/False Questions 1. Gus Giordano is considered one of the forefathers of jazz dance. In Guss style, everything is hit hard, everything is done in pli; your arms are moving through space like youre moving through cement or peanut butter. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Gus created the powerful and joyous Giordano Technique, established the Giordano Dance School (1953), formed Giordano Dance Chicago (1963) (the first dance company devoted to jazz dance), wrote the highly acclaimed and first of its kind Anthology of American Jazz Dance (1976), and launched Jazz Dance World Congress (1990), an internationally-recognized forum for teaching, performance, and choreography. I tried not to just look at the movement and copy it, Lehrer says. Giordano taught and many performers, teachers, c*ographers, including Ann-Margret, Gregory Hines, Daryl Hannah, and Patrick Swayze. He taught at institutions around the world including American Ballet Theatre, The American University of Paris, Duke University, Joffrey Ballet, New York University, and hundreds more. Gus was a member of the Lambda Chi fraternity and Peg was in the Delta Gamma sorority. Gus Giordano (July 10, 1923 March 9, 2008), born August Thomas Giordano III, was an American jazz dancer, teacher, and c*ographer. Marked as special from the moment of birth, August Thomas Giordano III was born to an immigrant Italian family in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1923. After this trip, Gus Giordano was hooked on dance. Giordano Dance Chicago is said to be the first dance company to focus entirely on jazz dance. He returned to St. Louis and studied with local dance teacher Minette Buchman, whom he credits for early dance training. He was so approachable, and he always spoke the truth., The student must view the body as a personal instrument, as a keyboard with infinite possibilities, Giordano said.6 His personal openness to outside influences certainly extended to his dancers. In 1989, October 13 was declared Gus Giordano Day in the City of Chicago by Mayor Richard M Daley. Gus Giordano | Gdc Open Classes GUS From his days of selling popcorn at the cinema, Gus came to admire the athleticism of Gene Kelly, perhaps because of the similarity in their body types. True or False and more. True or False. Giordano met his wife, Peg Thoelke, while in college. True or False. The. The Gus Giordano Jazz Legacy Foundation aims to create the same culture, uplifting spirit, and dedication to spreading the joy of jazz that Gus Giordano gave to thousands of people in his lifetime. Since its inception, Congresses have been held in Phoenix, AZ (1998), San Jos, Costa Rica (2004), Chicago (2002, 2005, 2007, 2009), Evanston, IL (1990, 1992, 1994), Wiesbaden, Germany (1997), Nagoya, *an (1995), Monterrey, Mexico (2001), Buffalo, NY (1999, 2000, 2003), Pittsburgh, PA (2012) and at Washington, D.C.'s Kennedy Center (1996). Gus taught jazz dance to thousands in North America, Europe, Asia and South America. A tribute is being planned as part of the company's engagement Oct. 24 and 25 at the Harris Theater. The technique employs a deep pli, rhythmic complexities and precision. During this time, he studied with Hanya Holm, Katherine Dunham and Alwin Nikolais. The unit also performed at the famous. Gus Giordano died on March 9, 2008 of pneumonia. Gus Giordano was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1923. He accepted the position and moved from New York to the Chicago area. Lehrer collaborated with Chicago jazz musician George McCray, who created an original score for saxophone, piano, drums and bass, and with Joffrey Ballet lighting designer Kevin Dreyer, who used simple but dramatic lighting reminiscent of a jazz nightclub. He took cl*es in ballet and modern dance. At the age of five, he traveled to New Orleans, where his cousin taught him the Charleston dance step to the acrg, "The Shoeshiner's Drag", thus introducing him to jazz music and dance. Gene Kelly was solely responsible for popularizing tap dance. It was his first night out in a very long time, and he came backstage and was in tears. A. Doris Humphrey B. Isadora Duncan C. Pearl Primus D. Martha Graham, Who is a current dance choreographer who was from African descent and used their personal history to make dances? In 1996, he was "The Scholar-in-Residence" award from the University of Missouri. Afrika Bambaataa was the originator of the breakbeat in Hip-Hop. He auditioned and was hired at the Roxy Theatre in New York where he performed four shows a day. True, 1 options: The term temporal order is used in film plots to present events out of story order by way of flashbacks or _____ Question 3 options: Plays are first written in text but include ____, Introduction to Humanities: _______in its earliest form was part of the religious rituals involving music and dance. Introduction to Jazz Dance: Basic Techniques - LiveAbout Now Gus Giordano Dance School resides in Chicago, where Gus always dreamed his School would be one day. The Goodman Theatres holiday presentation. Gus Giordano: American choreographer (1923 - 2008) - PeoplePill As Gus said I know one thing for certain about jazz dance, its a living art form, which is always about to do something new (site the video). Gus Giordano: 1923 - 2008 . On July 10, 2017 Gus daughter, Amy Giordano, founded The Gus Giordano Jazz Legacy Foundation in honor of her father, Gus, and to keep the ever-changing style of jazz alive. He developed a technique and choreography style, He started the first all jazz style dance studio in Chicago which later. Since its inception, Congresses have been held in Phoenix, AZ (1998), San Jos, Costa Rica (2004), Chicago (2002, 2005, 2007, 2009), Evanston, IL (1990, 1992, 1994), Wiesbaden, Germany (1997), Nagoya, Japan (1995), Monterrey, Mexico (2001), Buffalo, NY (1999, 2000, 2003), Pittsburg, PA (2012) and at Washington, D.C.'s Kennedy Center (1996). Hatchett began his career as a teacher/choreographer in the 1980s, a time of major . A towering figure in Chicago's dance community for more than half a century, the dancer, teacher, choreographer and author died early Sunday, March 9, of pneumonia.
Huddersfield Splash Park Death,
Michael Jackson Soundboard Hee Hee,
How Old Would Selena Quintanilla Be In 2020,
Macy's Human Resources Department,
Articles G