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Our dependent variable was. The mass is cancelled out in the above equation, and we re-arrange with respect to velocity. Potential energy is the energy of position, and it depends on the mass of the ball and its height above the surface. What type of motion does a bouncing ball experience? From this it can be seen that using the average of the middle three results is more accurate than using the average of all five, as it automatically discounts most anomalies. When raw data gets processed mathematically, for example, it becomes results. Therefore the ball dropped from the higher height must give out more thermal energy in order to end up with the same amount of energy as the other ball. The ball showed signs of reaching terminal velocity because the drag force began to approach the force gravity exerts upon the mass of the ball. A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. Now is the time to pull together what happened, and assess the experiments you did. B (81%) Synonyms. Following are some sample information that you may find: Everyone has played with balls that bounce, but few people truly understand the physics behind a bouncing ball. Research questions therefore always refer to two variables, and the relationship between them. An investigation of the factors that influence the bounce height of a tennis ball when dropped onto the floor could consider the drop height and the type of surface the ball is dropped onto. The investigation could try to answer these research questions: Hypothesis. This experiment might have been improved if we had developed a method for more accurately measuring the tennis balls bounce height. 2. Additional list of material can be extracted from the experiment section. The more particles per cubic meter, the more drag acting upon the ball. WebDrop the ball from the line between cinder blocks/bricks to make the measurements more accurate. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Five repeats were done as it was deemed that an average of the middle three was reasonably accurate. Each of the following experiments tests a different hypothesis. This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. This phenomenon is described by Newton's third law. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to initial speed between two bodies after the collision. An increase in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (CR) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v22) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v12): If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h1 and CR. These are illustrated below. Once the ball hits the ground, its displacement is momentarily zero. Hence the final answer is: \(\text{Total distance} = 2 \cdot S_n = 2 \cdot 9.6 m= 19.2m\). In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air. If possible, have a scientist review the procedure with you. The selection of balls for official games in most sports (esp. WebDrop the ball from the line between cinder blocks/bricks to make the measurements more accurate. If the elastic potential energy is the same then the same amount of energy is converted back into KE and so the balls leave the floor at the same speed. Variables that may affect the bounce of a dropped ball are: You may study the effect of any of these variables on the bounce of a dropped ball. Is a bouncing ball a simple harmonic motion? WebThe independent variables in the experiment are the heights that the balls are dropped from, the surface that the ball bounces on, the type of ball used, ball is dropped vertically, and that when dropping a ball no force is applied. This means that not all the GPE is converted into KE as it would have been if the ball had been dropped in a vacuum. The decision for the size of interval and the amount of results collected will depend upon the time taken to conduct the experiment and any other factors that may become apparent during the preliminary experiment. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. This is also reflected in the velocity graph; the velocity is at its maximum at the minimum displacement and goes through zero at its maximum heights. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. Find sections related to potential energy, elasticity and springs. What is the force that causes a ball to bounce? TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification. We felt the magic immediately. WebControlled Variables: -Golf ball -PVC piping -Angle of Ramp Our controlled variable was Manipulated Variable: -Release point -Distance ball bounces Our manipulated variables was: Dependent Variable: The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. Bouncing Ball Experiment Our simple experiment is to drop a ping pong ball weighed at 3 grams from a height of 1 metre then 90cm, 80cm, 70cm, Even a specific ball may bounce different heights at different times or different locations. Improvements that could be made to the experiment if future work was to be done: To provide additional relevant evidence I would conduct further work as follows; I would like to conduct the same experiment in a vacuum. The more KE that the ball possessed as it hit the floor, the more that was transferred into elastic potential energy and back into KE. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the Ask Question button on the top of this page to send me a message. Gravitational potential energy means energy that an object has based on where it is located in a gravitational field. Hence the formula for the sum of the infinite number of terms can be rewritten as seen here. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h. Do a larger amount of results; 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm etc. It is also good to calculate the coefficient of restitution of your ball using the formula CoR = v/v = sqrt(h/h). Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. Have all your study materials in one place. Here, the motion of a real bouncing ball is shown. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The push which the ball receives from the floor at the moment of impact causes it to bounce up from the surface. Find the total distance of travel until the ball hits the ground for the 8th time. So if we double the air pressure, we will get double bounce height. You are now ready to enter your data on a spread sheet and get to work. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. The formula for gravitational potential energy is PE = mgh where m is the mass of the ball measured in kg, g is the gravitational acceleration constant of 9.8 m/se c2 , and h is the height of the ball in m. As the ball falls through the air, the potential energy changes to kinetic energy. are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. The experiment was conducted as the method (below) states. This was when the ball was falling in air. To a wider range of results i.e. For each run, a different amount of change in the variable is used. This is a sample on how to write the results, conclusion and make charts. WebBouncing Ball Experiment - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. This coefficient of restitution, e, is actually the ratio of the velocity of recession (upwards after the bounce) to the velocity of approach (downward before the bounce). Hypothesis: Based on your gathered information, make an educated These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Is a bouncing ball an example of oscillatory motion? the initial height of your ball when you released it. The motion of the ball can be split into different stages depending on the direction of the velocity vector; these stages are listed below. These two results were excluded when averages were being calculated and therefore the average variation between results used for calculating the average was even less than 3cm. As in both cases the main form of energy is GPE it follows that the higher the ball is dropped from, the higher the ball will bounce. Grades: Preschool and K-2 Length of Lesson: Approximately 45 minutes Related Video: The Hawk Factor episode Learning Goals: Dependent: - Height at which the tennis ball bounces. Based on these trends, we can draw conclusions about the system under study. B) If I heat up a tennis ball it will bounce high. What are the variables in the ramp experiment? StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. It is always good to have an explanation for choosing any hypothesis. This produces a different amount of response in the system. Research questions pose a question about the Therefore the ball ends up with more GPE, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s. Use the same point on the ball (top) or (bottom) when judging both the height of the drop and the height of the bounce. Thus a typical ball bounces to 60% of its original height because it stores and returns 60% of the energy it had before the bounce. WebThe Bounciest Ball Experiment Overview: In this lesson, students conduct a series of experiments with different balls to observe which bounce the highest and to see how they could make balls bounce higher. Your assistant will record the bounce. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h1 to h2 (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. The first thing to check is how you are making your measurements. These balls do not bounce as well as balls with high air pressure. Our lab group was able to determine the relationship between drop height and bounce height. This is considered raw data since it has not been processed or interpreted yet. Everything you need for your studies in one place. Hypothesis: If a tennis ball is dropped from a specific height then the ball will bounce to the same height. When the ball was dropped from the higher heights the ball began to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. changing air density, temperature The surface onto which the ball D) If I freeze a tennis ball, then it will not bounce as high. tennis and baseball) includes the CoR test. Using the geometric sequence formula, the sum of the terms which are the heights of the ball after each bound: \(S_n = \frac{\alpha(1-r^n)}{1-r} = \frac{6m(1-0.38^5)}{1-0.38} = 9.6 m\). This causes thermal energy to be given off. The first graph is a displacement vs time graph. What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. A controlled variable is one which the researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment. The sum of the two, mechanical energy, stays the same ( is conserved.). At the lowest point, the ball has its minimum potential energy, and the velocity changes from negative to positive. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the , If you are new in doing science project, click on . A ball falls from a height of 6 metres. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. Then when dropping the ball again eye level will be kept level with the blue tack thus avoiding parallax errors. h1 = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. More thermal energy is also produced. As the ball is falling toward the ground its Kinetic Energy is increasing because its speed is increasing. As a general rule, when the ball is travelling in the positive direction (upwards), the velocity can be assumed to be positive. Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. It is a separate experiment, done exactly like the others. WebThe main variables in a science experiment are the independent variable, the dependent variable and the control variables. GPE=Mass (kg) Gravitational Field Strength (N/Kg) Height (m). You may need to calculate the average of bounce height. In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. where g is the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/ sec 2 at the Earths surface), and where h is the height of the object, measured with respect to any convenient zero- level. So an imperfect ball loses some energy on each bounce. ball bounced 6 inches. Prior to the sample task, students investigated investigated forms of energy and energy transfers and transformations. The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. This is Newtons Third Law of Motion- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. Studying tables and graphs, we can see trends that tell us how different variables cause our observations. WebControl variables, also known as controlled variables, are properties that researchers hold constant for all observations in an experiment. That height fraction is equal to the fraction of energy that the ball successfully stored and returned during its bounce. use four meter sticks and go right the way up to four meters. This will hopefully discount any anomalies automatically and leave us with three accurate and reliable results. A series of experiments is made up of separate experimental runs. During each run you make a measurement of how much the variable affected the system under study. The bounce of a dropped ball has a direct relation with the air pressure inside the ball. A bouncing ball follows a projectile motion which is moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. For the higher heights the distance from h, was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h, to accurately in a short amount of time. C) Frozen tennis balls will not bounce as high. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration Will you pass the quiz? Another experiment would be necessary to determine this for certain. The example of the bouncing ball is used to study projectile motion in mechanics. The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an. WebThere are many different variables that would affect the bounce height of a ball. You can drop the ball from your hand or you can make a stopper for the ball to hold it only from the sides with a little pressure. As CR = h2/ h1it follows the gradient of the graph change in h2/ change in h1= CR. The area of the triangle can be found using the formula below. This also proves the accuracy of the experiment. The distance along the ramp which the balls rolls. The bounce of a dropped ball has a direct relation with the release height. Is the measurement method questionable or unreliable? Sign up to highlight and take notes. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h1 to h2 in order to obtain accurate results. A series of experiments can be done by changing one variable a different amount each time. If the KE is the same as they hit the ground the energy stored in the ball as elastic potential energy will be the same also. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. Design an experiment to test each hypothesis. For an infinite number of turns, another geometric sequence formula can be used. 7. Constants: the same person takes all of the measurements, the same materials are used in every trial. This will mean that I will have to have the interval between the different heights from which the ball is dropped from less than 20cm, probably at 10cm. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h, (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). Therefore any change to the height from which the ball starts with affects the height to which it bounces to. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. Apparatus:Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. Repeat this test from 2 ft, 3 ft, and 1/2 ft. Do this test for each ball and record data. If you did not observe anything different than what happened with your control, the variable you changed may not affect the system you are investigating. Because of these forces, both the ball and floor deform inward. Parallax error will be avoided by dropping the ball one time that will not be measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Is a bouncing ball an example of simple harmonic motion? Keep track of where you got your information from. = The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. This motion can be described using a geometric sequence, as the height of the ball after each bounce depends on the initial height from which the ball fell. In my science fair experiment, the golf ball overall was the ball that bounced the highest. If you change more than one at a time, you will not know what variable is causing your observation. This therefore provides accurate and reliable results. You measure this response, or record data, in a table for this purpose. Data Table 2: Average Bounce Height at Each Height: Graph 1: Height of Ball drop versus Height of ball bounce: Our data indicates that the hypothesis was incorrect. The three trials at each height are then averaged, and the average bounce height is graphed versus the drop height. An increase in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. (Their ideas might include surface texture, colour, size, what its made of, squashiness, opacity, weight, air pockets, temperature, cost, shininess/dullness, hardness/softness, age, layers of materials.) The purpose of our lab was fulfilled. Taking an average of several results creates a measurement in the middle of the variation created by the experiment, which is the result that is closest to the height that would be recorded for the balls bounce if it were measured in an experiment that was totally accurate. Data table 2 indicates that on average tennis ball bounced to a lower height than it was dropped from. Constants are the release height, the bouncing surface, the type and the size of the ball. The exact interval will be determined after the preliminary experiment, as will the number of heights that the ball will be dropped from. For a perfectly elastic bounce (the ultimate super ball), e =1; and for an inelastic bounce (like clay dropping on the floor), e =0. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. The dependent variable is how high the ball bounces. Control variables include the type of ball, the surface that it is dropped onto and the size of the ball. 3. Testing reaction times can be investigated by dropping a ruler and seeing how quickly someone can grab it. The independent variable is the person who is trying to catch the ruler.

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